E-ISSN: 1308-5263
Turkish Journal of Hematology - Turk J Hematol: 37 (4)
Volume: 37  Issue: 4 - 2020
RESEARCH ARTICLE
1. Performance of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography and Bone Marrow Biopsy in Detecting Bone Marrow Infiltration in Lymphoma Cases
Mahmut Büyükşimşek, İrem Kolsuz, Abdullah Evren Yetişir, Mert Tohumcuoğlu, Ali Oğul, Cem Mirili, Semra Paydaş, İsa Burak Güney
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2019.0361  Pages 220 - 225
Objective: Bone marrow infiltration (BMI) affects the stage diagnosis, and treatment of lymphoma. We aimed to evaluate the performance of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (PET/CT) in detecting BMI in lymphoma patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 269 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and 110 Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) patients were evaluated retrospectively. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for PET/CT and BMB in detecting BMI.
Results: Sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy for PET/CT in detecting BMI in NHL cases were 65%, 78%, and 84.4%, respectively, while they were 55%, 73.4%, and 79.9% for BMB. PET/CT performance for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma was better than that of BMB, whereas the performance of BMB was better for mantlecell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy for PET/CT in HL cases were 91.3%, 97.75%, and 98.18%, respectively, while they were 56.52%, 89.69%, and 90.91% for BMB. Due to BMB, 43 (15.9%) patients in the NHL group and 2 (1.8%) patients in the HL group were protected from downstaging.
Conclusion: Although their results vary according to NHL subtypes, PET/CT and BMB are complementary methods in determining BMI. In HL, PET/CT is an important diagnostic tool for detecting BMI, and BMB is not necessary in a significant proportion of cases.

2. LEF1 Induces DHRS2 Gene Expression in Human Acute Leukemia Jurkat T-Cells
Sema Sırma Ekmekci, Zeliha Emrence, Neslihan Abacı, Melda Sarıman, Burcu Salman, Cumhur Gökhan Ekmekci, Çağrı Güleç
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0144  Pages 226 - 233
Objective: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic changes that affect the development of T-cells. The precise role of lymphoid enhancerbinding factor 1 (LEF1) in T-ALL has been controversial since both overexpression and inactivating LEF1 mutations have been reported to date. Here, we investigate the potential gene targets of LEF1 in the Jurkat human T-cell leukemia cell line.
Materials and Methods: We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to knock down LEF1 in Jurkat cells and then compared the gene expression levels in the LEF1 knockdown cells with nontargeting siRNA-transfected and non-transfected cells by employing microarray analysis.
Results: We identified DHRS2, a tumor suppressor gene, as the most significantly downregulated gene in LEF1 knockdown cells, and we further confirmed its downregulation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in mRNA and at protein level by western blotting.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that DHRS2 is positively regulated by LEF1 in Jurkat cells, which indicates the capability of LEF1 as a tumor suppressor and, together with previous reports, suggests that LEF1 exhibits a regulatory role in T-ALL via not only its oncogenic targets but also tumor suppressor genes.

3. Preclinical Assessment of Efficacy and Safety Analysis of CAR-T Cells (ISIKOK-19) Targeting CD19-Expressing B-Cells for the First Turkish Academic Clinical Trial with Relapsed/Refractory ALL and NHL Patients
Cihan Taştan, Derya Dilek Kançağı, Raife Dilek Turan, Bulut Yurtsever, Didem Çakırsoy, Selen Abanuz, Muhammet Yılancı, Utku Seyis, Samed Özer, Selin Mert, Cavit Kerem Kayhan, Fatma Tokat, Merve Açıkel Elmas, Selçuk Birdoğan, Serap Arbak, Koray Yalçın, Aslıhan Sezgin, Ebru Kızılkılıç, Cansu Hemşinlioğlu, Ümit İnce, Siret Ratip, Ercüment Ovalı
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0070  Pages 234 - 247
Objective: Relapsed and refractory CD19-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are the focus of studies on hematological cancers. Treatment of these malignancies has undergone recent transformation with the development of new gene therapy and molecular biology techniques, which are safer and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches. The CD19 antigen is the most studied therapeutic target in these hematological cancers. This study reports the results of clinical-grade production, quality control, and in vivo efficacy processes of ISIKOK-19 cells as the first academic clinical trial of CAR-T cells targeting CD19-expressing B cells in relapsed/refractory ALL and NHL patients in Turkey.
Materials and Methods: We used a lentiviral vector encoding the CD19 antigen-specific antibody head (FMC63) conjugated with the CD8-CD28-CD3ζ sequence as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) along with a truncated form of EGFR (EGFRt) on human T-lymphocytes (CAR-T). We preclinically assessed the efficacy and safety of the manufactured CAR-T cells, namely ISIKOK-19, from both healthy donors’ and ALL/NHL patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Results: We showed significant enhancement of CAR lentivirus transduction efficacy in T-cells using BX-795, an inhibitor of the signaling molecule TBK1/IKKƐ, in order to cut the cost of CAR-T cell production. In addition, ISIKOK-19 cells demonstrated a significantly high level of cytotoxicity specifically against a CD19+ B-lymphocyte cancer model, RAJI cells, in NOD/SCID mice.
Conclusion: This is the first report of preclinical assessment of efficacy and safety analysis of CAR-T cells (ISIKOK-19) targeting CD19-expressing B cells in relapsed/refractory ALL and NHL patients in Turkey.

4. Circulating Exosomal CircMYC Is Associated with Recurrence and Bortezomib Resistance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Yanwei Luo, Rong Gui
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0243  Pages 248 - 255
Objective: Studies have shown that serum circRNA can be used as a biomarker for many tumors. However, the role of exosomal circRNA in prognostic evaluation in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of circulating exosomal circMYC in the relapse and prognosis of patients with MM.
Materials and Methods: Circulating exosomes from 122 patients with MM and 54 healthy people were isolated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure circMYC exosomal expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank testing were used for estimating significance in survival rates. A Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: Compared with healthy people, the expression level of serum exosomal circMYC was significantly increased in patients with MM. In addition, the expression of circMYC in circulating exosomes in bortezomib-resistant patients was significantly higher than that in non-resistant patients. The expression level of exosomal circMYC was correlated with deletion 17p, t(4;14), Durie-Salmon staging, and the International Staging System. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis found that a high exosomal circMYC level was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with MM. The patients with high exosome circMYC expression had higher relapse rates and higher mortality rates. The overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate of MM patients with high exosomal circMYC expression were lower than those of patients with low exosomal circMYC expression.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that circulating exosomal circMYC has great potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of MM.

5. Evaluation of the Survival Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma Patients According to Their Plasmacytoma Presentation at Diagnosis
Rafiye Çiftçiler, Hakan Göker, Haluk Demiroğlu, Salih Aksu, Nilgün Sayınalp, İbrahim C. Haznedaroğlu, Ümit Yavuz Malkan, Yahya Büyükaşık, Osman Özcebe
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2019.0061  Pages 256 - 262
Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) associated with extramedullary (EM) plasmacytoma has a poor therapeutic response and poor outcomes when treated with conventional chemotherapy. EM plasmacytoma is divided into two groups: the first group comprises tumors that are extending directly from osteolytic bone lesions (EM-B, bone-related), while the second results from plasmacytoma infiltration into soft tissues with no relationship to the bone (EM-S, soft tissuerelated). This study aimed to compare the general characteristics and survival outcomes of transplant-eligible MM patients who had EM-S or EM-B and MM patients who did not have plasmacytoma at the time of diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed in a retrospective manner. The MM patients who were treated at our tertiary care center between January 2003 and January 2017 were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of plasmacytoma at diagnosis.
Results: There were 141 (78.3%) MM patients who did not have plasmacytoma, 22 (12.2%) MM patients who had EM-B, and 17 (9.4%) MM patients who had EM-S at the time of diagnosis in this study. The 5-year overall survival was 63% in patients who had bone EM-B, 63% in patients who had EM-S, and 80% in patients who did not have plasmacytoma (p=0.02). The 5-year disease-free survival was 47% in patients who had EM-B, 35% in patients who had EM-S, and 54% in MM patients who did not have plasmacytoma (p=0.15).
Conclusion: These findings lead us to suggest that MM patients with EM plasmacytoma at the time of diagnosis have poorer prognosis than patients without plasmacytoma, even if autologous stem cell transplantation is performed. The presence of EM involvement negatively affects survival outcomes.

6. Evaluation of Liver Iron Content by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Cessation of Treatment
Sezer Acar, Salih Gözmen, Selen Bayraktaroğlu, Sultan Okur Acar, Neryal Tahta, Yeşim Aydınok, Raziye C. Vergin
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2019.0364  Pages 263 - 270
Objective: There are a limited number of studies evaluating iron overload in childhood leukemia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to determine liver iron content (LIC) by MRI in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who had completed treatment and to compare those values with serum iron parameters.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients between the ages of 7 and 18 who had completed ALL treatment were included in the study. Serum iron parameters (serum iron, serum ferritin [SF], and total ironbinding capacity) and liver function tests were studied. R2 MRI was performed for determining LIC.
Results: Normal LIC was detected in 22 (63.4%) of the cases. Seven (23.3%) had mild and 1 (3.3%) had moderate liver iron deposition. In contrast, severe iron overload was not detected in any of the cases. LIC levels were correlated with the numbers of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions (r=0.637, p<0.001), pRBC transfusion volume (r=0.449, p<0.013), SF levels (r=0.561, p=0.001), and transferrin saturation (r=0.353, p=0.044). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the number of pRBC transfusions and SF levels (r=0.595, p<0.001).
Conclusion: We showed that the frequency of liver iron deposition was low and clinically less significant after the end of treatment in childhood ALL patients. LIC was demonstrated to be related to SF and transfusion history. These findings support that SF and transfusion history may be used as references for monitoring iron accumulation or identifying cases for further examinations such as MRI.

BRIEF REPORT
7. Clinical Features and Outcomes of 23 Patients with Wiskott- Aldrich Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience
Şule Haskoloğlu, Ayşenur Öztürk, Gökcan Öztürk, Sevgi Kostel Bal, Candan İslamoğlu, Kübra Baskın, Serdar Ceylaner, Lale Tufan Satıroğlu, Figen Doğu, Aydan İkincioğulları
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0334  Pages 271 - 281
Objective: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immune deficiency characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of a WAS cohort.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical courses, immunological features, treatments, and outcomes in a total of 23 WAS patients together with data related to 11 transplanted cases among them between 1982 and 2019.
Results: Before admission, 11 patients (48%) were misdiagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. WAS scores were mostly 4 or 5. Eleven patients were transplanted and they had an overall survival rate of 100% during a median follow-up period of 8.5 years (range: 8 months to 20 years). Five patients who were not transplanted died at a median of 7 years (range: 2-26 years). Nontransplanted patients had high morbidity due to organ damage, mostly caused by autoimmunity, bleeding, and infections. Two novel mutations were also defined.
Conclusion: All male babies with microthrombocytopenia should be evaluated for WAS. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be performed at the earliest age with the best possible donors.

IMAGES IN HEMATOLOGY
8. Acute Monoblastic Leukemia with Erythrophagocytosis and Absence of KAT6A Rearrangement
Carlos De Miguel Sánchez, Diego Robles De Castro, Ana Vega González De Viñaspre, Ariane Unamunzaga Zilaurren, Arantza Mendizabal Abad, José María Guinea De Castro
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0237  Pages 282 - 283
Abstract |Full Text PDF

9. Excellent Interim Treatment Response with Polatuzumab Vedotin
Özgür Mehtap, Gözde Dağlıöz Görür, Serkan Ünal, Ayfer Gedük
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0042  Pages 284 - 285
Abstract |Full Text PDF

LETTER TO EDITOR
10. A BRAF-Negative Classic Hairy Cell Leukemia Patient with LongLasting Complete Remission after Rituximab and Pentostatin
Alessandro Gozzetti, Vincenzo Sammartano, Francesca Bacchiarri, Donatella Raspadori, Monica Bocchia
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0204  Pages 286 - 287
Abstract |Full Text PDF

11. CD9 Is a Very Helpful Marker for Discriminating AML-M3 from HLA-DR-Negative Non-M3 AML
Esmaeil Shahabi Satlsar, Mohammad Mosleh, Mahdieh Mehrpouri
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0110  Pages 287 - 289
Abstract |Full Text PDF

12. Comment: In Response to “CD9 Is a Very Helpful Marker for Discriminating AML-M3 from HLA-DR-Negative Non-M3 AML”
Smeeta Gajendra
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0572  Pages 289 - 290
Abstract |Full Text PDF

13. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Dermatomyositis: A Therapeutic Challenge
Sudhir Kumar, Ajay Gogia, Ritu Gupta, Soumya Mallick
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0331  Pages 291 - 292
Abstract |Full Text PDF

14. IRF4-Rearranged Large B-Cell Lymphoma on Waldeyer’s Ring: A Case Report
Deram Büyüktaş, Serdar Örnek, Fatma Tokat, Tülay Tecimer, Burhan Ferhanoğlu
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0086  Pages 292 - 294
Abstract |Full Text PDF

15. An Unconventional Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: Bazex Syndrome
Özlem Kandemir Alibakan, Naciye Demirel, Nihan Nizam, Rafet Eren
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0308  Pages 294 - 296
Abstract |Full Text PDF

16. Case Report: An Infant with Severe Thrombocytopenia Diagnosed with Type 2B von Willebrand Disease Due To a De Novo p.Val1316Met Mutation
Junjie Fan, Jing Ling, Huifeng Zhou, Jie He, Shaoyan Hu
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0213  Pages 296 - 298
Abstract |Full Text PDF

17. Vacuolated Leukocytes in the Peripheral Blood Smear of a Child with Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome
Arzu Akyay, Filiz Demir Şahin, Aşkın Şen
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0242  Pages 299 - 300
Abstract |Full Text PDF

18. Peripheral Blood Smear Findings in COVID-19
Maryame Ahnach, Fadwa Ousti, Sara Nejjari, Mohammed Sqalli Houssaini, Nouzha Dini
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0262  Pages 301 - 302
Abstract |Full Text PDF

19. Hydroxychloroquine-Associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Fatma Arıkan, Yasin Yıldız, Tarık Ercan, Özen Oruç, Seçkin Akçay, Fergun Yılmaz, Tayfur Toptaş, Tülin Tuğlular
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0322  Pages 302 - 304
Abstract |Full Text PDF

20. Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Severe Hemophilia A Patient: One of the Very Rare Cases
Eren Arslan Davulcu, Zühal Demirci, Özgür Fırat, Güray Saydam, Fahri Şahin
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0168  Pages 304 - 306
Abstract |Full Text PDF

21. A Novel Coincidence: Essential Thrombocythemia with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Ceren Hangül, Orhan Kemal Yücel, Aslı Toylu, Hilmi Uysal, Sibel Berker Karaüzüm
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0363  Pages 306 - 307
Abstract |Full Text PDF

22. Cerebral MRI Mimicking Pachymeningeal Involvement Associated with Intrathecal Treatment
Semra Paydaş, Kenan Bıçakçı
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0376  Pages 308 - 309
Abstract |Full Text PDF

NONE
23. Author Index

Pages E1 - E3
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24. Subject Index

Pages E4 - E13
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25. Advisory Board of This Issue

Page E14
Abstract |Full Text PDF